This is an invited report on implementation science for SAMHSA leadership. The purpose is to provide an overview of the emerging science of implementation, and to suggest implications for SAMHSA’s leadership, administrative and funding role in the delivery of behavioral health services in the US. The report is a rapid response, and one interpretation of a broad, complex and dynamic field.

The report organizes and interprets implementation science by a selection of the most robust, trailblazing frameworks that lend to ease of application and real-world relevance. In addition, these frameworks are widely adopted, prominent, and the subject of active research programs—so continued use and refinement is ongoing.